journal

The 'beneficial' adipokines in reproduction and fertility

D B Campos^1,2, M-F Palin³, V Bordignon⁴ and B D Murphy¹

1. ¹Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Centre de recherche en reproduction animale, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
2. ²Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paolo, Brasil
3. ³Dairy and Swine Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lennoxville, Québec, Canada
4. ⁴Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Québec, Canada

Correspondence: Dr BD Murphy, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Centre de recherche en reproduction animale, Université de Montréal, CP 5000, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S7C6. E-mail: bruce.d.murphy@umontreal.ca

Received 8 April 2007; Revised 29 May 2007; Accepted 16 July 2007; Published online 9 October 2007.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to review the available information on the signaling proteins produced by adipose tissue in the context of their role in regulating reproductive processes, including ovarian and uterine function. It is well known that both obesity and excessive leanness are associated with reproductive dysfunction. Adipokines are cytokines predominately or exclusively expressed by adipose tissue that circulate and affect target tissues. Four known adipokines, adiponectin, visfatin/PBEF, omentin and vaspin, all increase tissue sensitivity to insulin, and are thus described as 'beneficial'. There is strong support for a role for adiponectin in the function of the ovary and placenta. There is evidence for direct effects of this adipokine on the late stages of folliculogenesis, and additive interactions of adiponectin with insulin and gonadotropins in inducing periovulatory changes in ovarian follicles. In addition, clinical and genomic studies associate hypoadiponectinemia with obesity-related reproductive disorders, including the polycystic ovarian syndrome. The roles for visfatin/PBEF, omentin and vaspin in reproduction remain to be established. The conclusion thus drawn is that the expression of insulin-sensitizing adipokines varies with adipose abundance. These adipokines have demonstrated both the potential effects on ovarian function and the possible effects on the formation of the placenta, acting through multiple mechanisms.

Keywords:

adipokines, adiponectin, insulin sensitivity, ovary, uterus, placenta

journal

International Journal of Poultry Science 4 (2): 44-51, 2005

ISSN 1682-8356

© Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2005

44

Effect of Corn Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles at Various Levels on

Performance of Laying Hens and Egg Yolk Color

K.D. Roberson, J.L. Kalbfleisch, W. Pan and R.A. Charbeneau

Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA

E-mail: robers22@msu.edu

Abstract: Distiller’s dried grains with solubles produced from corn as a co-product from ethanol production was fed at 0, 5, 10, or 15% of a corn-soybean meal diet to laying hens to determine if egg production parameters or yolk color would be affected. In experiment 1, diets were fed from 48 to 56 wk of age and DDGS had a goldenrod color. Egg production, weight, mass, specific gravity and yolk color were determined biweekly. Brown colored DDGS was included in diets fed from 58 to 67 wk of age. Egg production parameters and yolk color were measured tri-weekly. Egg production parameters were not different at most ages. However, there were occasional treatment effects. As DDGS increased, there were linear decreases in egg production (52-53 wk of age), egg weight (63 wk of age), egg mass (51 and 53 wk of age), and specific gravity (51 wk of age). Yolk color was increased linearly (p<0.01) as DDGS was increased in the diet throughout experiment 1. In experiment 2, yolk redness (a*) was increased linearly (p<0.001) by increasing levels of DDGS at all ages sampled. The results show that egg yolk is visually changed within one month when 10% or higher of a lightly colored DDGS is fed and by two months with 5% DDGS. In general, corn DDGS up to 15% of the diet did not affect egg production. However, variable results of experiment 1 suggest

that a lower level of DDGS should be fed when the feedstuff is introduced in the diet.

Key words: Distiller’s dried grains with solubles, layer, yolk color

pendahuluan

Pangan nabati dan hewani diperlukan untuk kelangsungan hidup dan kesejahteraan rakyat. pangan yang bersumber dari hewani sangat diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan protein bagi manusia. sumber protein hewani berupa ternak harus dibudidayakan dengan baik agar dapat berproduksi dengan optimal. sementara hasil produksinya diharapkan dapat optimal, berkesinambungan, serta ditingkatkan dan dikembangkan, baik jumlah, mutu, maupun keamanannya.

Komoditas pangan hewani mudah terpengaruh oleh berbagai faktor seperti lingkungan (environment), perlakuan (treatment), dan pengolahan (prosessing), derajat kesehatan hewan termnak, keamanan dan mutu, pengolahan, pengangkutan serta pemasaran, bahkan sampai siap disajikan harus terjaga dari infeksi atau kontaminan bibit penyakit dan bahan berbahaya lainnya.

Kewaspadaan terhadap masuknya atau menyebarnya penyakit hewan menular perlu ditingkatkan dengan melakukan berbagai langkah-langkah, terutama pengawasan pemasukan (importasi) hewan dan atau produk hewan dari luar negeri. kegiatan-kegiatan tersebu harus terselenggara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hewan dan produk hewani di dalam negeri, pemasukan (importasi) karena kegemaran (hobi), dan kegiatan lainnya.